About the Book

The Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations has revised the syllabi for the ISC examinations. I have thoroughly revised this book, keeping in view the requirements of the new syllabus and question papers of ISC examinations. There has been an unprecedented growth of business organisations in recent decades. As a result, job opportunities for young persons with knowledge of business and economics have increased phenomenally. More and more students are opting for educational qualifications in Business Studies and Management to avail of the growing career opportunities.

According to the Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations, the aims of teaching Business Studies at XI and XII standards are as follows:

• To enable candidates to know the basic structure of a business organisation.

• To acquaint candidates with the various functions conducted therein.

• To provide preliminary practice on the functional aspects of an office organisation.

• To provide candidates with a preliminary idea of an office environment.

I am sure this book will fulfill all these aims. The book is written in simple and easy-to-understand language. A large number of illustrations and diagrams are included to facilitate understanding. The book fully meets the requirements of the new syllabus. Summaries at the end of each chapter will help students with quick revision before the examination. Questions drawn from previous years’ examinations indicate the types of questions to be answered in the annual examinations.

In addition, this revised edition includes new question types that reflect the latest ISC examination pattern. These include:

• Competency-Focused Questions (as released by CISCE)

• Assertion and Reason Questions

• Statement-Based Questions

• Picture-Based Questions

• Data-Based Questions

These updates have been made to better prepare students for the examination and to encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The revised edition also contains 3 Unsolved Model Test Papers strictly based on the latest ISC Syllabus and ISC Specimen Question Paper. Suggestions for the improvement of the book are invited and shall be gratefully acknowledged.

— Dr. C.B. Gupta

ICSE

Class 12

Business Studies